Males became responsible for gathering food, while females stayed at home to rear children. Because 2022 weddings are such a personal reflection of each couple, couples are pretty divided on the value of the traditional American wedding customs. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-marriage-traditions-of-wolof-culture/, IvyPanda. student. While only ever consolidated into a single state structure for part of this time, the tradition of governance, caste, and culture of the Wolof dominate the history of north-central Senegal for much of the last 800 years. The wedding tradition of tying cans to the bumper of the wedding car comes from the French custom of throwing acharivari for the couple. Entertainment Onitsha 31). The Wolof Empire was ruled by a powerful king known as the Bakhou, who held absolute power over the entire kingdom. This assertion implies that to the Wolof people, a family is an important unit, which forms a building block for other social units into which the Wolof society is organized. It's located in Berlin, Germany.Dies ist mein erster Tradi, welcher dem einstigen Prunkstck des deutschen Kommunismus gewidmet ist - der Ksliner Strae. Cassava is also grown, but it has been a source of income for the Wolof farmers. In Ireland, the bride must keep her feet on the ground at all times while dancing for fear of being swept away by evil fairies. A Zulu bride will change her outfit at least three different times to convey to her in laws her beauty in different styles and colors. via The Gambia Experience In The Gambia, the traditional wedding ceremony is observed by . Clearly, the family unit is a fundamental unit of the Wolof culture, and apart from being a building block for society, it defines the economic status of a man. Trainee Wolof manual, Dakar: Peace Corps, 2012. Ames, David. The go-betweens primary duty was in order to discover the placement of the girls family concerning the particular desire for their child (Gamble et ing. Fulaba released its Wolof jewelry collection this spring which includes 2 styles of earrings, a necklace, bracelet and 2 styles of rings. Wait staff dressed as court attendants serve the newlyweds and those impersonating royal guards perform traditional martial arts. A compound is sometimes fenced with a hedge made from reeds or millet-stalk. We are all about contemporary culture and lifestyle for Onitsha people and lovers of Onitsha culture worldwide. If accepted the Kola nuts are distributed amongst family, and neighbors which is an informal . 32). [7][11][12] The Wolof were close to the French colonial rulers, became integrated into the colonial administration, and have dominated the culture and economy of Senegal since the country's independence.[13]. Their religious beliefs centered around the worship of . They are part of the larger West African cultural group known as the Senegal-Gambian Wolof, which includes several other ethnic groups with similar languages and customs. The Wolof people are the largest ethnic grouping in Senegal (35% of the Senegalese populace) and in Gambia they are about 12% of the Gambian populace. The specific Wolof society will certainly be broken into groupe ponyme, which entail commendable and slaves among several others. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. [33] The Wolof's caste status, states Villaln, is a greater barrier to inter-marriage than is either ethnicity or religion in Senegal. Unfortunately, the groom would have to save his bride from the mob, and a new tradition was born in which the bride would simply toss her bouquet instead of her garter to avoid all the trouble. Most of the socializing at the wedding was done in Wolof, a language of Senegal, The Gambia, and Mauritania. The Wolof as a people are largely Muslim and they practice Islam as religion. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. The Wolof ethnic group (or Jollof, Jolof as they are sometimes known) in Gambia make up 16% of the population and are the third largest ethnic group. The Wolof individuals are the biggest ethnic collection in Senegal because they form about 35% from the Senegalese people regarding 12% from the Gambian populace (Diop 112). The origin of marriage dates back to 23,000 years ago when hunter-gatherers became farmers, and gender roles around the household started to form. Young Boys now Use Diapers and Sanitary Pads as Drugs. The age-old wedding tradition of a flower girl stems from an Ancient Roman tradition where young virgins would carry sheaths of wheat, which was believed to bring onwell-being and good fortune to the newlyweds. The Marriage Traditions of Wolof Culture. The specific marriage traditions through the Wolof individuals display a definite picture showing the way the Wolof people regard members of the family relationships and the personal expected contribution to be able to the wellbeing related to society. Scholars possess thus performed research to document many ways of almost almost all cultural groupings around the globe for posterity. [43][44], Marriages are endogamous. 32). To be able to form the strong and steady family among the Wolof, it was traditionally believed that cross-cousin marriage (young man marrying a maternal uncles daughter) was the best form of marriage (Gamble et al. Once this transaction is made, it will be time for that bride-to-be to move towards the grooms compound officially (Gamble et ing. In this article, we will explore the history and background of the Wolof tribe, tracing their roots and discussing the key events that have shaped their identity and cultural heritage. "The Marriage Traditions of Wolof Culture." "The Marriage Traditions of Wolof Culture." Despite these factors, that will ought to in order to improve marriages, separation and divorce will be section associated with the Wolof custom. It is widely believed that the color white represents purity. It need to turn out to be noted which will separation and divorce might be subject material to some number associated with other problems amongst them the specific social classes linked to the couples. By the early 18th-century, all sorts of charges and petty crimes resulted in the accused being punished for the slave strata. Agorsah, Koffi. The tradition of going on a honeymoon after a wedding, dates back to the 5th century when cultures represented the calendar time in moon cycles. Neighbors would walk down the streets and bang their pots and pans to make as much noise as possible throughout the village in order toscare away evil spirits. IvyPanda. [43] Larger villages have an imam, called the ylimaan, and a hunting or warriors leader called the saltig. The Wolof people, who had once been a powerful and influential ethnic group, found themselves marginalized and oppressed under colonial rule. The grooms main warrior companion would be the equivalent of the best man at a wedding. The circle represents eternity, because it doesnt have a beginning or an end. Falola, Toyin; Salm, Steven J. Urbanization and African cultures. [23], In and after the 18th century, the Wolofs were impacted by the violent jihads in West Africa, which triggered internal disagreements among the Wolof on Islam. The traditional wedding cake also had a strange beginning. Traditionally, most marriages among the Wolof emerged from mutual agreements between the parents of the groom and the bride (Gamble et al. (LogOut/ IvyPanda, 28 Nov. 2019, ivypanda.com/essays/the-marriage-traditions-of-wolof-culture/. 5. The tradition of a wedding cake comes from ancient Rome, where revelers broke a loaf of bread over a bride's head for fertility's sake. It should also be noted that divorce could be subject to many other issues among them the social classes of the couples. The Wolof people are an ethnic grouping in North Eastern part of Senegal, parts of Mauritania, and Gambia. The Wolof first cohabited with the Berbers in south-eastern Mauritania, with the Peulh . During Victorian times, a pageboy was responsible for carrying a brides train down the aisle along with a prayer book. During this time, the Wolof people gather together to dance, sing, and honor their ancestors. The Wolof People The Wolof people are an ethnic group in different parts of Africa, they form about 43.3% in Senegal population, 16% in the Gambia population and 8% in Mauritania population. 31). Each piece is handcrafted by talented artisans in Dakar, Senegal. IvyPanda. Later politico-religious changes, such as those brought during the Wolof Empire era, introduced major changes in the social structure among the Wolofs and many other ethnic groups, including a shift to a patrilineal system. The villagers detained him; he settled among them and became the one who settled disputes and sovereign authority. Traditionally, the grooms family would not allow him to see his bride until the wedding. Governor Though I wasnt at the ceremony itself, it was a great place to absorb a good dose of Senegalese culture. Religious and political functions have been the domain of men, while women typically keep the household, bring water from their sources such as wells or nearby rivers. These acts offered the girls great room to evaluate the personality of the prospective in-law. anambra In traditional Wolof wedding ceremonies in Senegal, the parents of the husband-to-be sends elders to the bride parents with money and kola nuts to ask for her hand in marriage. The typical marriage age for the Wolof was the early twenties for boys and late teens for girls (Gamble et al. The Wolof people are the largest ethnic group in Senegal, particularly concentrated in its northwestern region near the Senegal River and the Gambia River. They also have a rich tradition of oral storytelling, which helps to preserve their history and cultural heritage.One of the most important cultural traditions of the Wolof tribe was the Griots, who were keepers of the tribes history and cultural traditions. While some traditions take place on the wedding day, others are done in advance of the nuptials, such as burying a bottle of bourbon. If a marriage takes place across this social system without the knowledge of those involved and the truth comes out later, a divorce is inevitable. Gunmen In the conventional traditional arrangement, the parents were the ones to decide that their son is ripe for marriage, seek a suitable bride for him, and initiate marriage talks (Agorsah 61). Although this scenario has slightly changed with time, this practice is still prevalent in rural areas albeit with some minor adjustments. The preferred and common form of marriage is the bilateral cross-cousin type, with most preferred marriages are those between a man and the daughter of his mothers brother. The Wolof people are a good ethnic grouping within North Eastern a part of Senegal, parts associated with Mauritania, and Gambia. The Wolof people are also known for their strong oral traditions, which have helped to preserve their history and culture over the centuries. CBN In the Gambia, they are a minority. Though French is the official language of Senegal, it is not difficult to find people in Dakar (the capital city) who only speak Wolof. Anambra State Government (ANSG) "The Marriage Traditions of Wolof Culture." Older French publications frequently employ the spelling Ouolof; up to the 19th century, the spellings Wolluf, Volof, and Olof are also encountered, among rarer variants like Yolof, Dylof, Chelof, Galof, Lolof, and others. To form a stronger and stable family unit, the Wolof people believed that cross-cousin marriage (young man marrying a maternal uncles daughter) was the best form of marriage they are matrilineal in nature. Soon it became customary to stack these wheat cakes one on top of the another, as tall as they could go. IvyPanda. During the ceremony, a small payment consisting of kola nuts and money was made to the brides family, thus making the marriage legally binding (Gamble et al. Polygamy is yet a normal trend one of the Wolof individuals because as currently noted, they are usually largely Islamic plus the Islamic religious beliefs permits polygamy (Ames 395). Wolof women are hard workers and they strive to accumulate wealth through tending personal farms as well as assisting their husbands in the family farms. This role belongs to a caste and has been hereditary. 2019. [30][32] Caste status has been hereditary, and endogamy among the men and women of a particular caste status has been an enduring feature among the Wolof people, according to Leonardo Villaln, a professor of Political Science and African Studies. 32). A mysterious person arose from the lake to settle the dispute. During its heyday, the kingdom of Jolof was a center of trade, commerce, and culture, attracting merchants, travelers, and scholars from across West Africa.In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Wolof kingdom of Jolof came into conflict with the neighboring kingdom of Kaabu, leading to a series of wars and battles. Wolof smiths produce tools for agriculture, while another group works on gold jewelry. If the payment is made in full, the couple is considered legally divorced and may remarry without any problems (Gamble et al. The wedding ceremony was late in the day on a Sundaytypically weddings are held in a mosque after 5p.m. must. 31). The vast majority of Wolof people are Sunni Muslims. Sumaiya Ismail Tal Tamari, an anthropological researcher at the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) in Paris, suggests that a corollary of the rising slavery system was the development and growth of a caste system among Wolofs by the 15th century, and other ethnic groups of Africa by about the 13th century. [36] The leatherworkers, for example, were considered the lowest of the nyenyo because their occupation involving animal skins was considered dirty. Originating from an Old English rhyme that went, 'Something olde, something new, something borrowed, something blue, a sixpence in your shoe', this tradition bears plenty of symbolism. Multiple marriages have been common, with many Wolof households featuring two wives. Though French is the official language of Senegal, it is not difficult to find people in Dakar (the capital city) who only speak Wolof. In the conventional traditional arrangement, the parents were the ones to decide that their son is ripe for marriage, seek a suitable bride for him, and initiate marriage talks (Agorsah 61). Print. MONDAY MUSINGS: CUTTING THROUGH THE NOISE. He was called Ndyadyane Ndyaye, and his descendants were called Ndiayes or Njie, and these led to ruling families of Wolof, Mali according to this mythical legend. During Malay weddings, traditions of the royal court are observed with Malay court music played during the ceremony. All rights reserved. In the 20th century, the Wolof people played a key role in the struggle for independence and the formation of a modern Senegal.They however became a dominant power in the region, forming a state that spanned across present-day Senegal, The Gambia, and Mauritania. Diop, Elhadji. Wolof dialects vary geographically and between rural and urban areas. In some cases, the rigid traditional systems in which the parents make all the decisions concerning matters of marriage are still witnessed (Melching 68). The wedding cake, for example, stems from the Roman tradition of breaking wheat cakes on top of the brides head for fertility and stacking them as high as possible for good fortune. This favors the idea that such measures provided the best and most stable marriages. [7], The Wolof people, like other West African ethnic groups, historically maintained a rigid, endogamous social stratification that included nobility, clerics, castes, and slaves. 31). After the ceremony, the grooms family coats the bride in butterfat from cows, marking her acceptance into the family. [39] She places the development and spread of castes in these societies to about the 10th century, because slave capture, slave trade, and slave holding by elite families across the Sahel, West Africa, and North Africa was an established institution by then, and slavery created a template for servile relationships and social stratification. The Wolof oral tradition reports that the Wolof are from the Nile Valley, as evidenced by the research of Yoro Boli Diaw which, by bringing together the various Wolof oral traditions, describes the six migrations between the Nile and the Senegal River Valley. Similarly, a West African rice dish is known in English as Jollof rice. She may be forced to go to great depths to ensure that she ensures the happiness of the husband and consequently the stability of her marriage and family. Polygamy is also a normal phenomenon among the Wolof people because as already noted, they are largely Muslim and the Islam religion permits polygamy (Ames 395). Some clusters are random with no central plaza, and many are clustered around a plaza with a mosque in the center. However, a noble man may marry a slave girl, but not the other way round (Melching 129). The Wolof peoplealso referred to as the Wollof,Jolof,Iolof,Whalof,Ialof,Olof, andVolof, among other spellings, are a West African ethnic group found primarily in Senegal, with smaller populations in Mauritania and The Gambia. The Wolof people are found in North Eastern part of Senegal, Mauritania, and Gambia. This is because if he didnt like her looks, there was a chance that he might not agree to marry her. Share this: Twitter Wolof originated as the language of the Lebu people. peter obi In order to form a strong and stable family among the Wolof, it was traditionally believed that cross-cousin marriage (young man marrying a maternal uncles daughter) was the best form of marriage (Gamble et al. [15], The origins of the Wolof people are obscure, states David Gamble, a professor of anthropology and African studies specializing in Senegambia. However, these slave raids eventually began to subside as European and American governments progressively outlawed their nations' involvement in the slave trade. Weddings This day is celebra A tragic event too place at about 7 o'clock this evening. The groom carries the bride across the threshold to bravely protect her from evil spirits lurking below. IPOB [6][7] In the Gambia, about 16% of the population are Wolof. They have a deep respect for their ancestors and a strong belief in their cultural heritage, which they celebrate through a variety of festivals and rituals. (LogOut/ Melching, Molly. Over time, the herb bouquet was gradually replaced by flowers which carry special meanings in differentcultures around the world. * By using this form you agree with the storage and handling of your data by this website. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you Do you want to stay informed about how you can help fight against extreme poverty? However, religious practice often contains local elements. This specific observation implies that in home with numerous spouses, the individual takes the specific credit score for that particular prosperity which goes to any or all their own wives. [36], The chronological origin of social stratification based on castes and slavery is unclear, likely linked. The term Wolof also refers to the Wolof language and to their states, cultures, and traditions. 39. Your privacy is extremely important to us. Here is a picture of a griot drumming groupthe man at the right is trying to get me to pay him some money for taking his picture. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. Drawing a Fine Line Between Friendship and Acquaintanceship, Police Will Battle MASSOB/IPB , If Says AIG Usman Gwary, History: Igwe Ofala Okagbue, Longest Ruling Obi of Onitsha. It defines their perception of how the whole world should be inhabited. Free Essay Examples Database. Prior to the arrival of Europeans to regions inhabited by the Wolof, slaves there were either born into slavery or enslaved via purchase or capture in warfare. festival While slavery is illegal in contemporary African societies, it was common in the history of Wolof people and among the elite castes. Marry me in Africa: African Foundations, Bloomington: AuthorHouse, 2012. Mbaya, Maweja. We hope our list has helped clarify the origins and meanings of some of the most popular wedding traditions in America. The tradition of a diamond engagement ring was started by Archduke Maximilian of Austria when he proposed to Mary of Burgundy. However, Wolof language and culture have a disproportionate influence because of their prevalence in Banjul, the Gambian capital, where a majority of the population is Wolof. When she moves, the tinkling sound is supposed to deflect. This observation implies that in a home with many wives, the man takes the credit for the wealth that belongs to all his wives. This would be accomplished after colorful traditional wedding rituals meant to free the marriage of evil and make it fruitful and successful. The bridal party would then make its way to the grooms compound. [28][29] It is the most widely spoken language in Senegal, spoken natively by the Wolof people (40% of the population) but also by most other Senegalese as a second language. 31). Once a man and woman get married, it is the primary duty of the woman to make her husband happy. Rural Wolof people eat beef rarely, typically as a part of a ceremonial feast. [24] The West African jihads that involved the Wolof and other ethnic groups started early and often inspired by militant reformers such as those of the 15th century. A lot of these traditions began in ancient Egypt, Rome, and Greece. [33], The castes have also been hierarchal, with lowest level being those of griots. Women also plant, weed, harvest crops and collect firewood. In some cases, the rigid traditional systems in which the parents make all the decisions concerning matters of marriage are still witnessed (Melching 68). The Wolof attaches more importance to the stability and success of the family unit. (LogOut/ Inside a bid in order to explore the subject exhaustively, the papers poses three basic questions that this seeks to deal with. The custom of tiered cakes emerged from a game where the bride and groom attempted to kiss over an ever-higher cake without knocking it over. Romans then began to substitute the material with iron, which ultimately led to the use of gold to make the first betrothal rings. Therefore, priority is first given to marriage to a maternal uncles daughter. Wolof's independence can be seen in the succession of their first king or burba, the semi-legendary Ndiadiane N'diaye, traditionally placed in the 13th century CE but more likely to have been in the second half of the 14th century CE. Before a traditional Wolof wedding ceremony, parents of the groom to be sends the intended bride's elders Kola nuts and money to ask for her hand in marriage. The Himba people kidnap the bride before her ceremony and dress her in a leather headdress. Married life would then proceed from then onwards for the newly married couple. If you are reading this post, then I believe youre looking for ways to add humor into your wedding vows. The Wolof people's traditional culture and practices have survived the colonial era and are a strong element of the Senegalese culture. election The earliest documented mention of the Wolof is found in the records of 15th-century, Portuguese-financed Italian traveller Alvise Cadamosto, who mentioned well-established Islamic Wolof chiefs advised by Muslim counselors. Tinubu Part of the German wedding ceremony involves guests smashing old plates in order to ward off evil spirits. [46] The dower is the property of the woman upon the consummation of the marriage. news The marriage traditions of the Wolof people show a clear picture of how the Wolof people regard family relationships and their expected contribution to the wellbeing of society. 28 November. 31). 32). Nordic Journal related to African Studies 11. as a people are largely Muslim and they practice Islam as religion. The chief has been the tribute (tax) collector and the interface between the kingdom officials and the villagers. If this proposal is accepted, the parents of the bride-to be . [26], In the 20th century, Ahmadiyya and Methodist missionaries opened offices in contemporary Senegambia, but very few Wolof have become members of these.[27]. The Griots were highly respected members of the community, who used their musical and storytelling abilities to preserve the tribes history, traditions, and cultural heritage. Twitter. During the Roman age, a common custom was to tie the bride and grooms hands together during the ceremony. Print. This has become a beloved tradition worldwide, as it symbolizes good luck and happiness for the newlyweds. As the European demand for slaves increased during the 17th and 18th centuries, the era saw a corresponding increase in Wolof slave raids with the purpose of acquiring captives to transport to the coast. The Wolof culture any associated with most affected ethnicities by Western impact in comparison in order to other cultures within the region (Diop 101). Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Agreements would then be made on how much further payments (marriage money) needed to be made and when the time for its payment came, other gifts were also given to the brides mother, father and peers. This particular paper seeks to research the culture of the particular Wolof individuals with focus on their relationship traditions. These new colonial regimes moved to outlaw slavery, and by the 1890's the French authorities in West Africa had largely abolished the institution. PDF file. 41. 31). 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