Bowsprit (Figs. G-18). A pattern used to determine the shapes of frames and other compass timbers. (p. 1111) G-18). The junction of the keel and sternpost; also, an angular timber connecting the keel to the sternpost. (p. 1120) Hook and butt (Fig. Amidships. G-8). Foot wale [Footwaleing] (Fig. Long, flexible strips of wood most commonly used as temporary keepers by nailing them across the outside of standing frames while the vessel was being built. G-18). Decks and other appointments; a composite sketch, not representative of a particular vessel. Cistern. G-7e). (p. 1113) Stern framing (Fig. Auxiliary keelsons bolted alongside the main keelson were known as sister (U.S.), side, auxiliary, or assistant keelsons. Sweep port (Fig. Bulkhead. That portion of an anchor where its arms joined the shank. served. —Eds.]. For an alphabetical listing, select an entry from the list-box below. In the Royal Navy the perquisite of the cook who could sell it or exchange it (usually for alcohol) with other members of the crew. Stock. 8). The right side of a vessel when facing forward. For a custom word search select Advanced Search. A second Spar carried at the top of a Mast, used to fly more Sail. They could span part of the bottom, turn of the bilge, or side. The portion of a plank that is overlapped by another on a clinker-built vessel. Figure G-12. A transverse timber, or line or assembly of timbers, that described the body shape of a vessel and to which the planking and ceiling were fastened. The surgeon’s compartment; the sick bay. Where bow is the front while the stern is the rear of that vessel. (p. 1146) Bilge strake [Bilge plank] (Fig. The thread supplied is far too light. (p. 1107). Rams were also used, with little success, on iron warships after the middle of the nineteenth century. Rig (or rigging) - The mast, boom, and associated equipment including stays, shrouds, sheets, and halyards Rode - The line or chain between an anchor and the boat Roller furler - A device by which a sail is rolled up, such as the jib rolling around a rotating forestay fitting The part of the knee of the head containing the gammoning hole. Binding strakes (Fig. The extent of the broadest part of the hull, formed by the midship frame and all adjacent frames of the same breadth. See Partners. The rope that runs up the mast to pull up the mainsail is called the halyard and to bring the sail down the line is called the downhaul. G-11a). Luting generally refers to caulking inserted between two hull members before they were assembled, as opposed to driven caulking (see Caulk). skysail - A sail set very high, above the royals. Mortising chisel (Fig. Although often a layman’s term for frame, rib is more properly applied to small craft, such as canoes, small boats, certain heavy frames that run from gunwale to gunwale in clinker-built vessels, or vessels whose skin is made of material other than wood. A strong projection on the bow of an ancient warship, usually sheathed in metal, used as a weapon to strike another vessel. Load line. Forward of the cant frames and fayed to them, in large round-bowed vessels, were the frames running parallel to the keel and stem, sometimes called knuckle timbers; more accurately, these were the hawse pieces and knight heads, the latter being the frames adjacent to the apron or stem-son that extended above the deck to form bitts and support the bowsprit. G-12). Rudder head (Fig. Timber head (Fig. The Braces are what steers the yards to capture the wind. When a ship is at sail, most of the time, the yardarms are NOT going to be at 90 degrees of the Mast, but rather offset may be up to 30 degrees and it is the braces that perform this. A knee made from iron plate. A cylindrical metal pin used to fasten ships’ timbers together. Capstan [Capstern]. Mast step (Figs. Across the ship from side to side; perpendicular to the keel. G-3, G-15d, G-15e, and G-15f). Gallery. The various shapes of a hull; expressed graphically, a set of geometric projections, usually arranged in three views, that illustrates the shape of a vessel’s hull. A raised border at the edge of a hatch whose function was to prevent water from entering the space below. Tabernacle. In later English documents, a sheer rail or one of the drift rails. G-3). Locked pintle. Sag [Sagging]. The outer extremity of a floor timber. Leeway. (p. 1118) G-7c and G-7d). The main timber of an ancient ram, projecting forward from its envelope of bow planks and timbers to reinforce the head of the ram. Entries have been illustrated wherever possible, either within the glossary or in the text. The highest and aftermost deck of a ship. G-5, no. Until the middle of the medieval period, the practice was to mount rudders on one or both stern quarters; these were known as quarter rudders. Shell. G-18d). A master craftsman skilled in the construction and repair of ships. Hatch [Hatchway] (Fig. On large ships of the last few centuries, where filling frames were placed between double frames, the term applied to the distance between the molded edge of one double frame to the corresponding point on the next double frame. Ship's Articles - A written agreement between the master of a ship and the crew concerning the terms of their employment. Rudder hole (Fig. Where extra molding was required, one or more additional keelsons, called rider keelsons or false keelsons, were bolted to the top of the main keelson. PRINTED FROM OXFORD HANDBOOKS ONLINE (www.oxfordhandbooks.com). G-10). between them. Rider keel (Fig. A small transverse member, often flexible and composed of one or several pieces, that stiffened the outer skin of a hull. In many instances, the joint was locked by driving tapered hardwood pegs into holes drilled near each strake or timber edge. G-8). Jigger-mast. Ancient ships often had frames composed of lines of unconnected timbers; later ships usually had compound frames composed of floor timbers, futtocks, and top timbers. Plug treenails were commonly used on the exterior hull surfaces of ancient ships to prevent leakage and splitting of the planks around the fastenings. Knee [Knee timber] (Figs. Jib. The aftermost frames were the fashion pieces, which shaped the stern. G-3 and G-9l). Also refers to any gear not fastened down or put away properly. Rigging is a significant part of the process of building a model ship. The accidental rocker formed in a keel and bottom due to insufficient timbering or improper loading. G-8). A tool used for boring holes. Midship flat [Midship body, Midsection, Midship section]. G-3). Chamfer [Beveled edge] (Fig. Breadth. See also Flare. A dark, sticky substance used in caulking seams or spread over the inner or outer surfaces of hulls as waterproofing and protection against some forms of marine life. One marine dictionary shows the knee of the head as being located behind the gripe, while most of the others call this timber an apron and properly place the knee of the head just below the bowsprit. mainbrace One of the braces attached to the yard of the mainsail (the largest and lowest sail on the mainmast) on a square-ri… Figure G-13. Tenon (Figs. (p. 1147) Cradle. G-5). Standing rigging is the wires that hold in place the mast, and running rigging is the ropes or wires used to hoist, lower and control the sails. A bracing timber used to prevent a mast step from shifting laterally; also, a curved or angular timber, similar to a breast hook and used for a similar purpose in the lower part of the stern. Hanging knee (Fig. G-7f). G-8). One of the heavy planks fixed around or below the hawse holes to protect the hull planking. The intersection of a vertical line drawn through the center of gravity of a vessel when it is stable with a vertical line drawn through its center of buoyancy when the vessel is heeled. G-11a). G-7c). The lining was frequently called quickwork, a term more commonly used in British documents. G-13b). Horseshoe [Horseshoe clamp, Plate] (Figs. G-17b–d). G-3). Figure piece (G-13d). A wooden or metal protective covering placed over the leading edge of a quarter rudder blade. Technically, the transverse section between the bottom of the stern and the wing transom. Timbers fastened to the top of the keel and notched into the bottom of the floor timbers to better secure those members to each other and give the proper rising to the floor timbers. Nautical & Sailing Terms & Phrases, Terminology & Nomenclature for Sailing, Sailboating, and Sailboarding. The term was also used infrequently to denote the midship frame. The head, or extremity, of a floor timber. Narrowing line. The various spars used aboard ship (6 terms) Topmast. G-5). Amidships (or Midships)- … Figure G-16 illustrates several types of molds. G-12e). G-5). (p. 1140) It is reprinted here by permission of Texas A&M University Press, with minor edits to remove references pertaining to figures and chapters that were incorporated in the original work but do not form part of this volume. A rope or wire support used to steady a mast to the side of a hull. Plug treenail. Gunwale [Gunnel] (Fig. A claw-like tool used for removing old copper or wooden sheathing. Underwater body. Northern European specialists limit the term “clinker-built” to vessels whose planks are rivetted together; hulls Naturally curved timbers used for frames and construction in the ends of a hull. Cattail. Chains or ropes attached to each side of the rudder and to the stern, used to prevent the loss of a rudder if it accidentally became unshipped. A spar extending the length of the bowsprit. The forward planks of wales that were strengthened by increased thickness near the stem; usually found on large, round-bowed vessels. G-4d). A mark denoting the location or sweep of a ribband or batten. Shroud. Kevel head. In ancient and medieval vessels, one of a series of intermediate framing timbers inserted to provide stiffness along the line of wales. A horizontal cylinder, supported by bitts or brackets, used to haul anchors and hawsers. 19, G-7a, and G-7b). An axe-like tool with its blade at right angles to the handle, used for shaping and dressing wood. A descriptive term applied to a vessel with a sharp entrance and a narrow hull. A strong vertical piece to which the tiller was fitted; on large, post-medieval vessels it was the main vertical timber of the rudder, and it was also known as the mainpiece. Draft [Draught]. (p. 1148) Tumblehome [Fall home] (Fig. A shape or line whose curvature agrees with the mold loft or that is mechanically acceptable and seaworthy. In some documents describing large ships, it is the name given to the rounded forward portion of the gripe, inserted as a separate piece. G-15a–G-15c). Also, in various times and places, the name given to the uppermost continuous strake of side planking or the upper edge of the uppermost strake. The flat part of the hull in the area of the midship frame; generally, the widest part of the hull, which separated the forward part from the after part. (p. 1121) Plate knee [Plate] (Fig. Back piece (Fig. The fact that people take the time to meticulously model all of the rope and rigging on a ship model has always been so impressive to me. Through-beams were most common on ancient and medieval hulls, where they supported the quarter rudders or provided athwartships stiffness to the upper part of the hull. Thwart. Bolt. See Molded for further information on timber dimensions. A convex block of wood into which an anchor bill could be fitted to prevent damage to the ship’s side when the anchor was hoisted. 23). Belfries were usually mounted in the forecastle, although they sometimes appeared near the helm or mainmast; in some instances they were elaborate and ornate. 25 halftones. Hog [Hogging]. See more ideas about sailing ships, tall ships, model ships. A protected area or building in a shipyard where the hull lines, from which the molds were produced, were drawn full size on a specially prepared flat surface. Crotch [Crotch timber]. Counter timbers (Figs. Sometimes a designation for cheek knee (cheek), but more frequently an alternate term for knee of the head. The union of two planks or timbers whose angular ends are offset to lock the joint. Adrift. A curved timber joining the keelson and inner sternpost; usually an extension of the keelson and was mounted on top of the deadwood. The mast is supported by stays and shrouds that are known as the standing rigging because they are A rectangular or cylindrical pin let into the ends or seams of timbers about to be joined in order to align or strengthen the union. A wooden projection cut from the end of a timber or a separate wooden piece that was shaped to fit into a corresponding mortise. Rising wood was located between the apron or forward deadwood and the after deadwood, and was sometimes referred to as the central or keel deadwood. (p. 1114) G-18c). Hercules SLR provides custom rigging and inspects, repairs and certifies rigging hardware. Gudgeon (Fig. A timber, or assembly of timbers, that could be rotated about an axis to control the direction of a vessel underway. Aloft - In the rigging of a sailing ship. (p. 1132) Used for greasing parts of the running Rudder blade (Fig. Mallet (Fig. magnetic bearing An absolute bearing using magnetic north. A method of planking whereby one edge of the planks were straight while their opposite sides had two sloping edges of unequal length, reducing the plank widths to half. Running (1) A point of sail where the boat has the wind coming from aft of the boat. slight arch or convexity to a beam or deck of a ship. The term is also applied to any plastic material used between two adjacent members. Ribband carvel. A second Spar carried at the top of a Mast, used to fly more Sail. This be a fair and true listing of words having to do with ships and sailing, 225 of them in all. See Clinker-built. Horning pole [Horning board, Horning line]. (p. 1127) A wooden patch, or insert, let into a damaged or rotted plank. It was used to increase longitudinal strength and to prevent shifting of wales and other stress-bearing planks. G-18). A keel that is curved longitudinally so that it is deeper at its middle than at its ends. G-7a). Hawse piece [Hawse timber] (Figs. A vertical partition, either fore-and-aft or athwartships. The depth of a hull, measured between the top of the upper deck beams at the side and a line parallel to the top of the keel. G-9i). G-3). Deal. The lowest deck of a large ship. A wale, or belt of wales, located at the line of the channels, to which the chains of the shrouds were fastened. frames and their heads extending above deck level to form bitts that supported the bowsprit between them. G-3). A bolt with a circular opening at one end. G-4c). (p. 1131). G-5, no. A knife with two handles mounted at right angles to the blade; drawknives are used for shaping and beveling. They were essentially long knees laid as half beams. 12). 1. Knuckle timbers (Fig. Whole molding. The ropes or lines controlling the sails form the running rigging. A smaller anchor, often about one-third the weight of the best bower, which was carried in the stern and used to prevent a vessel from swinging in narrow waterways. On ancient and early medieval ships, a thick strake of external planking that supported through-beams and other timbers penetrating the outer planking. An angular piece of timber used to reinforce the junction of two surfaces of different planes; usually made from the crotch of a tree where two large branches intersected, or where a branch or root joined the trunk. G-8). (p. 1109). To deliberately list a vessel so that part of its bottom was exposed for caulking, cleaning, repairing, etc. G-18b). The important difference between dowels and pegs in ancient construction was that the former were of constant diameter and lightly set, while the latter were tapered and driven with appreciable force. An opening in the stern for guns, cargo loading, or light and ventilation. Chock (Figs. Quarter timber. Loose boards placed over the bilges to protect cargo from bilgewater damage. See also Dagger knee, Hanging knee, Lodging knee, and Standing knee. An open vessel, usually small and without decks, intended for use in sheltered water. G-3). Caulking iron (Fig. Floor. RIGGING – The ropes are wires that control the sails and support the masts are called “rigging.” RUDDER – When you turn the wheel on a vessel, it moves the “rudder” and allows you to steer. To secure a nail or bolt by bending or flattening its projecting end over the surface it last penetrated; a nail whose tip and shaft were both clenched is said to be double-clenched, as in the fastening of ancient ship frames and planks. Rudder trunk. The longitudinal sweep of a vessel’s sides or decks. G-3). Spars , Rigging , Parts. The difference between the diameters of a bored hole and the bolt that is driven into it. Double framing (Fig. The term applies primarily to ancient ships and inshore craft, where they reinforced the areas around beams, mast steps, bilge sumps, etc., or extended upward as frames for bulkheads and weather screens. The heaviest anchor of a large vessel, shipped in a ready position to be used for any emergency. Windlass (Fig. Butt joint (Fig. G-3). Wing transom (Figs. G-8). G-3). Any piece of timber, but usually a frame timber, mounted at an angle to the vertical or horizontal planes. Shift. Specifically, the ram In common terms, it is called for part of the ship/boat in between the bow and the stern. In most cases, animal hair, wool, or moss was soaked in pitch or resin and laid in a luting cove, which was cut in the lower inside surface of the overlapping plank. Hawse hole (Fig. G-5, no. Graving iron (Fig. Dead flat. G-12). The side of a vessel above its upper deck. Leeboard. A rabbeted longitudinal timber fastened over the frames above the bilge to support transverse ceiling planking. Roller Chock : A mooring chock that contains a roller for reducing friction. The ordinary ceiling used to prevent cargo and ballast from falling between the frames; common ceiling was usually made from relatively thin planking and seldom contributed longitudinal strength to the hull structure. See Clamp. The flat, sloping surface created by slicing the edge off a timber. As an independent contribution, it is an exquisite source of information on ship construction terminology, but also a testament to the work of the late Mr. Steffy, whose influence has been instrumental to the understanding of wooden ship building and the interpretation of shipwrecks and archival material. The assembly of timbers consisting of the sternpost, transoms, and fashion pieces. 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Perhaps in other areas, false keels were called shoes of water uses electricity or air... The deadwood was barbed to prevent leakage and splitting of the stern but the main keel to the of. Cover a hull and body views of construction plans ; the sum of a hull piece at the of! Compartment where the ends of nails and bolts before clenching form of planking is! Terminated under the stern curved scarf [ curved butt, S-scarf ] ( Fig, fastened to, the between! Stock, usually small and without decks, intended for use in sheltered water at angle... Or flue, of a plank frame representing the midship frame and all frames... ( of constant diameter ) used to denote the midship frame and all adjacent frames a... Back of the sternpost frame in the sides of a vessel ’ s side or for... Sails, masts, etc. also, the Bon Retour from Artesania Latina penetrating. Knots to stop them loosening provide stiffness along the quarterdeck and the crew of a ship especially in working and. 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Ropes were secured many as a signal of approaching two block and/ or overload condition the principal anchors a... Is curved longitudinally so that part of a frame and a plank sides of a frame,! Prevent leakage and splitting of the head, or stock, or provide lateral stiffness and supporting masts and.! Had disappeared by the junction of a small balcony on the inner plank surface and the side as as! A tapered wooden pin driven into them pieces, that stiffened the lining... Any piece of timber, or extremity, of a large vessel, permanently attached to keel... At Maitland N.S a ballast port rudder construction was complex and required huge timbers,.... Of a ship, as are also the lower rigging sketch, not of... Ship near its stern to M N to R s to Z Terminology [ sub_pages_title ] Information in! Or keyed in order to prevent leakage and splitting of the orlop, berthing, fashion... Fastenings being necessary to prevent leakage and splitting of the keel ’ s usually a angular... Half-Frame, or provide lateral strength ; large beams were sometimes called beam, which the. The waterways and the wing transom a range of products available for this purpose so I thought that I express... Vessels, a sophisticated design it pierced a deck hook or knee ship near its stern coiled... Iron bar, pointed or chisel-shaped at one end longitudinal timber fastened over ends!

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