Moon landing conspiracy theoriesclaim that some or all elements of the Apollo programand the associated Moon landingswere hoaxesstaged by NASA, possibly with the aid of other organizations. [43], Many Moon-landing conspiracy theories have been proposed, alleging that the landings either did not occur and NASA staff lied, or that the landings did occur but not in the way that has been reported. Six percent of respondents believed it was not real, but eleven percent millennials (reached adulthood in the early 21st century) were the most likely to believe it was not factual.[200]. 5. Crosshairs are sometimes rotated or in the wrong place. This number includes the crews of Apollos 8, Faked Moon Landing Hidden Subliminal Messages in Stanley Kubrick's Movie 'The Shining', Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 00:31, "On Eagle's Wings: The Parkes Observatory's Support of the Apollo 11 Mission", Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex, Apollo astronauts who flew to the Moon without landing, Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council, Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings, Apollo missions tracked by independent parties, Moon landing conspiracy theories in popular culture, List of topics characterized as pseudoscience, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, "NASA Spacecraft Images Offer Sharper Views of Apollo Landing Sites", "LRO slewed 19 down-Sun allowing the illuminated side of the still standing American flag to be captured at the Apollo 17 landing site. The reactor was originally planned for the NACA nuclear airplane project. Maybe they had compromised Kubrick in some way. The centers continued efforts to entice outside groups to utilize the inactive facilities remained ineffective. Jason Joey Berry, 39, of Montreal, Canada, pleaded guilty today to conspiracy to distribute fentanyl and import it into the United States, resulting in serious bodily injury and death. [46][47] To date, nobody from the United States government or NASA linked to the Apollo program has said the Moon landings were hoaxes. Here, highly specialized facilities allow NASA and the. Some of the main facilities hadnt been used for years. [121] Goddard was storing 35,000 new tapes per year in 1967,[122] even before the Moon landings. Marcus Allen, a conspiracist, answered that no photos of hardware on the Moon would convince him that human landings had happened. This eliminated the near-term need for a nuclear rocket. There was very little activity at Plum Brook until the late 1980s when Lewis Research Center reactivated four test sites and resumed testing. Instead, far from calling the landings a hoax, the third edition (19701979) of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (which was translated into English between 1974 and 1983 by Macmillan Publishers, and was later made available online by TheFreeDictionary.com[22]) contained many articles reporting the landings as factual, such as its article on Neil Armstrong. Get top stories, military space news and more delivered to your inbox. In another blow for B-2, the European Space Agency apparently will not use the facility to test the upper-stage engine for the successor to its Ariane 5 rocket. In 1965, the United States started to achieve many firsts (such as the first successful space rendezvous), which were important steps in a mission to the Moon. Various groups and individuals have made claims since the mid-1970s that NASA and others knowingly misled the public into believing the landings happened, by manufacturing, tampering with, or destroying evidence including photos, telemetry tapes, radio and TV transmissions, and Moon rock samples. These were announced in January and September 1970,[31] two full years before the "late 1972" claimed by Sibrel. Any other potential visits would have to be arranged by contacting Glenn Research Center or Plum Brook directly. Lowry Digital president Mike Inchalik said that, "this is by far and away the lowest quality" video the company has dealt with. This French mockumentary, directed by William Karel, was originally aired on Arte channel in 2002 with the title Opration Lune. 2022-2023 NASA Plum Brook Station Deer Hunt is Canceled The 2022-2023 NASA Plum Brook Station (now named the Neil A. Armstrong Test Facility) Deer Hunt, managed jointly by NASA and the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife, is canceled. 3. But going to the Moon would be risky and expensive, as exemplified by President John F. Kennedy famously stating in a 1962 speech that the United States chose to go because it was hard. SELENE orbited the Moon at about 100km (62 miles) altitude. On the makeup of the Moon rocks, Kaysing asked: "Why was there never a mention of gold, silver, diamonds or other precious metals on the moon? Engineers carefully deactivated the facilities in such a way that they could be restored in the future. In the 1970s the center expanded the scope of its work into new areas, such as renewable energy sources. [40], The American Patriot Friends Network claimed in 2009 that the landings helped the United States government distract public attention from the unpopular Vietnam War, and so crewed landings suddenly ended about the same time that the United States ended its involvement in the war. There are identical backgrounds in photos which, according to their captions, were taken miles apart. It also received a better picture than NASA's antenna at Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex. [48] With the number of people involved, and noting the Watergate scandal, Jillette noted that someone would have outed the hoax by now. [42] This was the reason the final flights were cut, along with plans for even more ambitious follow-on programs such as a permanent space station and crewed flight to Mars. [20], Hoax theory debunker Phil Plait says in his 2002 book Bad Astronomy,[b] that the Soviets with their own competing Moon program, an extensive intelligence network and a formidable scientific community able to analyze NASA data would have 'cried foul' if the United States tried to fake a Moon landing,[21] especially since their own program had failed. Spacecraft Snoops Apollo Moon Sites", "World's biggest telescope to prove Americans really walked on Moon", "How to find Apollo 11's landing site on the Moon", "The "halo" area around Apollo 15 landing site observed by Terrain Camera on SELENE (KAGUYA)", "Chandrayaan sends images of Apollo 15 landing", "Chandrayaan's moon findings: Water, rocks and traces of Apollo", "China publishes high-resolution full moon map", "Martian Meteorite Launch: High-Speed Ejecta from Small Craters", "Lunar South Pole-Aitken Sample Return (2002)", "Sample Return Mission to the South Pole Aitken Basin", New Views of the Moon II: Understanding the Moon Through the Integration of Diverse Datasets, American Association for the Advancement of Science, "NASA's LRO Team Helps Track Laser Signals to Russian Rover Mirror", "Landing a Man on the Moon: The Public's View", Institution of Engineering and Technology, "Man on the Moon: A Case of Mass Brainwashing", "Attitudes Toward Space Exploration Ipsos Poll on Behalf of C-SPAN Belief in Authenticity of the 1969 Moon Landing", Bruce M. Nash (Executive Producer, Writer), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories&oldid=1141029494, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 00:31. [163] Photos of the Apollo 12 landing site were released by NASA on September 3, 2009. The fact sheet was reissued on February 14, 2001, the day before Fox television's broadcast of Conspiracy Theory: Did We Land on the Moon? The station isnt typically open to the public, although Open House events have been run in the past, allowing visitors to tour the various facilities. [117] suggests that he could have been pressured to agree to the conspiracy to protect himself from recriminations over his past. [176][177][178] If NASA had used similar robot technology, then between 300 and 2,000 robot missions would have been needed to collect the current amount of Moon rocks that is held by NASA. One rebuttal by Sibrel to this claim is that NASA had compartmentalized all of the work on the Apollo program. It parodies conspiracy theories with faked interviews, stories of assassinations of Stanley Kubrick's assistants by the CIA, and a variety of conspicuous mistakes, puns, and references to old movie characters, inserted through the film as clues for the viewer. In April 2001, Leonard David published an article on space.com,[157][158] which showed a photo taken by the Clementine mission showing a diffuse dark spot at the site NASA says is the Apollo 15 lander. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) launched their SELENE Moon orbiter on September 14, 2007 (JST), from Tanegashima Space Center. The Plum Brook Reactor was a NASA 60 megawatt water-cooled and moderated research nuclear reactor,[1][2] located in Sandusky, Ohio, 50mi west of the NASA Glenn Research Center (at that time the NASA Lewis Research Center) in Cleveland, of which it was organizationally a part. [119] A crude, real-time scan conversion of the SSTV signal was done in Australia before it was broadcast worldwide. NASA's Glenn Research Center's world-class facilities and expert staff help develop and verify cutting-edge technologies in the areas of aeronautics, aerospace and space. In December 2009 NASA issued a final report on the Apollo 11 telemetry tapes. Typical delays in communication were about 0.5 seconds. The Daily Telegraph published a story in 2002 saying that European astronomers at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) would use it to view the landing sites. The contrast has been tweaked (yielding the "spotlight effect") and a black band has been pasted at the top. Opinion polls taken in various locations have shown that between 6% and 20% of Americans, 25% of Britons, and 28% of Russians surveyed believe that the crewed landings were faked. Also, radio transmissions between the astronauts on the surface and in orbit were independently recorded. Photos of the Moon have been taken by Hubble, including at least two Apollo landing sites, but the Hubble resolution limits viewing of lunar objects to sizes no smaller than 5569m (6075yd), which is insufficient resolution to see any landing site features.[156]. Using the scientific process, any hypothesis that is contradicted by the observable facts may be rejected. 2. Down in the O&C Building at KSC, the EM-1 Orion spacecraft hardware has almost completed standalone testing. In addition, the center decided to begin removing the Plum Brook Ordnance Works (PBOW) concrete bunkers that had stored munitions during World War II and NASA records and equipment in later years. The Apollo Guidance Computer was on the Lunar Module and the command and service module. [36], Mary Bennett and David Percy claimed in the 2001 book Dark Moon: Apollo and the Whistle-Blowers, that, with all the known and unknown hazards,[37] NASA would not risk broadcasting an astronaut getting sick or dying on live television. [150], In 2002, NASA granted US$15,000 to James Oberg for a commission to write a point-by-point rebuttal of the hoax claims. While the LRO images have been enjoyed by the scientific community as a whole, they have not done anything to convince conspiracists that the landings happened. Engineers inspect the inlet of a prototype Hypersonic Research Engine scramjet prior to a test run in Hypersonic Tunnel Facility. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) is leading the design and build of the new world-class vibroacoustic test capabilities at the NASA GRC's Plum Brook Station in Sandusky, Ohio, USA. NASA responds to Bill Kaysing's book, We Never Went to the Moon, by identifying one of his claims of fraud regarding the lack of a crater left on the Moon's surface by the landing of the lunar module, and refuting it with facts about the soil and cohesive nature of the surface of the Moon. Some conspiracists have suggested that Starfish Prime (a high-altitude nuclear test in 1962) formed another intense layer on the Van Allen belt.[82]. On July 17, 2009, NASA released low-resolution engineering test photos of the Apollo 11, Apollo 14, Apollo 15, Apollo 16 and Apollo 17 landing sites that have been photographed by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter as part of the process of starting its primary mission. Has almost completed standalone testing nasa plum brook conspiracy NASA issued a final report on the Guidance! 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