0000074379 00000 n
2012, [http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=1020507&paSer=&pattern=&stByVal=1&p1=1&p2=-1&tabMode=dataTable&csid=]. 0000002396 00000 n
Death due to infection was the cause of death for 25 cases. Canadian Paediatric Society: Recommendations for safe sleeping environments for infants and children. JAMA. 0000074459 00000 n
Mol Genet Metab. 2009, 28: 697-701. A new territorial project is hoping to lower those levels with a box of things every newborn should have. Nunavut’s infant mortality rate is nearly five times higher than the national average. sleep position, sleep surface, loose bedding, bed-sharing). 2000, 284: 843-849. J Pediatr. 0000081759 00000 n
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2009, 361: 795-805. Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) is a broader category that includes unexpected infants deaths with other risk factors present, such as an illness or risk factors for asphyxia [12, 13]. [10] reported that Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and infection were the leading causes of infant death in Inuit-inhabited regions of Canada between 1990 and 2000. The northern territory Nunavut has Canada’s largest jurisdictional land mass with 33,322 inhabitants, of which 85% self-identify as Inuit. 0000004296 00000 n
a predisposition to hypoglycemia) that, when combined with exogenous stressors during a critical development period and/or intercurrent illness, may increase risk for unexpected infant death. Google Scholar. In 2016, the infant mortality rate in Nunavut rose to 17.7 deaths per 1,000 births, up from 12.8 deaths per 1,000 births in 2015—an increase underscored by the recent report, which also considered issues like mental health and food insecurity. PubMed Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada, Court Services Division, Department of Justice, Government of Nunavut, Iqaluit, NU, Canada, Department of Health and Social Services, Government of Nunavut, Iqaluit, NU, Canada, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated, Iqaluit, NU, Canada, Laakkuluk Williamson Bathory & Sharon Edmunds-Potvin, You can also search for this author in This initiative is being introduced as a way to combat Nunavut’s high infant mortality rates. Indoor air quality risk factors for severe lower respiratory tract infections in Inuit infants in Baffin Region, Nunavut: a pilot study. There were 56 SIDS and SUDI cases during the review period; 86% occurred before 6 months of age. Correspondence to 2012, Ottawa, [http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/rhs-ssg/phi-isp-2011-eng.php]. Age-standardized mortality rates, both overall and cause-specific, were calculated and compared to both Canadian national rates and territorial rates from the same time period. Google Scholar. Population based P479L homozygosity was significantly higher in the Kitikmeot and Kivalliq regions compared to the Qikiqtani region (χ2=22.86, p<0.0001), suggesting population stratification in the Qikiqtani region, where the variant is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium [24].There was no statistical difference in homozygosity between the Kivalliq and Kitikmeot regions. SC conducted statistical analysis and drafted and revised the manuscript. 0000093191 00000 n
Arbour L, Gilpin C, Millor-Roy V, Platt R, Pekeles G, Egeland GM, Hodgins S, Eydoux P: Heart defects and other malformations in the Inuit in Canada: a baseline study. 2007, 161: 237-245. The P479L (c.1436C>T) genetic variant of the hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzyme, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), has been associated with infant mortality in Alaska Native and British Columbia coastal First Nations populations, where the variant is common [22, 23]. Messaging about infant care and sleep practices should come from within communities as well as from health care providers. Two Haemophilus influenzae cases had a respiratory component. Alternatively, it is possible that the variant when homozygous serves as a marker of other social, economic, cultural or biological factors which increase the risk for infant mortality. 2010, 126: 945-951. 10.1001/jama.284.7.843. Blair PS, Platt MW, Smith IJ, Fleming PJ: Sudden infant death syndrome and sleeping position in pre-term and low birth weight infants: an opportunity for targeted intervention. Ekho N, Ottokie U: Interviewing Inuit Elders: Childrearing Practices. Population data were analysed by comparing P479L homozygosity between regions using χ2 test with a p<0.05 significance level. Dark purple tones indicate regions with high infant mortality rates and correspondingly light purple tones indicate regions with low infant mortality rate. Pediatrics. The authors would like to thank Samantha Lauson, MSc and Sarah McIntosh, MSc (Dept of Medical Genetics, UBC), Tim Neily (former Chief Coroner, Nunavut), and Dr. Isaac Sobol (former Chief Medical Officer of Health, Nunavut). To study the Inuit infant mortality rate, University of Montreal researcher Dr. Zhong-Cheng Luo looked at all four million births in Canada between 1990 and 2000. Nunavut, a northern Canadian territory covering the most northern and eastern area of Canada, is Canada’s largest jurisdictional land mass with Causes and risk factors for infant mortality in Nunavut, Canada 1999–2011 | springermedizin.de Canada can do much better. 5 4.4 The non-indigenous infant mortality rate per 1,000 for Canada. Google Scholar. 2008, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 39-52. endstream
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Crude mortality rates were calculated per 1,000 live births by region and for Nunavut [28, 31]. 0000085363 00000 n
1999, 68: 424-440. In our review, many SIDS/SUDI case reports did not include full information on sleep environment at time of death. Below are the links to the authors’ original submitted files for images. Bonnefont J-P, Demaugre F, Prip-Buus C, Saudubray JM, Brivet M, Abadi N, Thuillier L: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiencies. 2009. Unexpected infant deaths comprise the majority of infant deaths in Nunavut. There is suggestion of protective effect for cardiovascular lipid profiles and obesity in the Alaska Yupik and Greenland Inuit adults, perhaps in the context of a traditional diet [25, 26]. There were 21.4 infant deaths per 1,000 live births in Nunavut in 2012. 10.1056/NEJMra0803836. Pediatrics. Nunavut has Canada’s youngest and fastest growing populations. 0000073902 00000 n
10.1542/peds.2010-0687. 0000103226 00000 n
2009, 96: 201-207. 1998, 132: 924-933. Nunavut is the most northerly jurisdiction in Canada of which 85% of inhabitants are Inuit. 10.1503/cmaj.091297. The infant mortality rate in Nunavut is 3 times the national average, and twice that of the neighbouring territory, the Northwest Territories. Privacy Lancet. Mol Genet Metab. The infant mortality rate in the territory (14.6/1,000 live births) is three times higher than the national average (5.2/1,000 live births) and twice that of the Northwest Territories (1999–2009) [3]. Kramer MS, Demissie K, Yang H, Platt RW, Sauvé R, Liston R: The contribution of mild and moderate preterm birth to infant mortality. Springer Nature. D�}�w�|H'�t�@���U�̄$���rQ0;�N��� Luo Z-C, Wilkins R, Kramer MS: Effect of neighbourhood income and maternal education on birth outcomes: a population-based study. SC, PS, CG and GO participated in the acquisition of data. 0000069900 00000 n
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From 2009–2010, there were 11 cases under age 2 confirmed in Nunavut (G Osborne, personal communication). 0000074538 00000 n
Eighteen of the 35 identified cases had been previously genotyped during routine newborn screening as part of that pilot project. By using this website, you agree to our However, postneonatal mortality rates were consistent with or higher than previous reports [3, 10]. Article Efforts to improve maternal child health surveillance are now underway [50]. National rates exclude Ontario [29]. RESULTS: The infant mortality rate was 32.3/1,000 live births, five times Canada's rate. Health promotion strategies must consider cultural perspectives and a strong emphasis on risk reduction is crucial [35]. BMC Pediatrics Muggah E, Way D, Muirhead M, Baskerville B: Preterm delivery among Inuit women in the Baffin Region of the Canadian Arctic. 0000110657 00000 n
Association (odds ratios with 95% CI) of the P479L variant with unexpected infant death (SIDS, SUDI and infection) was analysed by comparing P479L homozygous cases to the population P479L homozygosity, as estimated for live born infants undergoing newborn screening in Nunavut in 2006 [24]. 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68771-0. Nunavut’s infant mortality rate is nearly five times higher than the national average. Infant mortality is strongly associated with socioeconomic status in Canada: Infant mortality rate by income Footnote * By income Rate per 1 000 live births (birth weight 500+ g) Lowest income: 4.7 : 2004, 41: 282-293. Nunavut, a northern Canadian territory covering the most northern and eastern area of Canada, is Canada’s largest jurisdictional land mass with 33,322 inhabitants, of which 85% self-identify as Inuit [1, 2]. 0000072598 00000 n
Cases were grouped into one of four major cause of death categories; SIDS/SUDI, infection (respiratory, H influenza or other), congenital anomaly or other. Haemophilus influenzae infection (type a or b) was the cause of death for 6 cases during the review period. The territory also has Canada’s highest rate of infant mortality. Part of Nunavut’s infant mortality rate is higher than the national rate of death for Canadians aged 70 to 74, which was 18.5 per 1,000. All SIDS/SUDI cases with CPT1A genotype data (17 P479L homozygous and 5 heterozygous) had other risk factors for sudden death present, including non-supine sleep position and/or bed-sharing at time of death. J Lipid Res. Clin Chem. Chace DH, DiPerna JC, Mitchell BL, Sgroi B, Hofman LF, Naylor EW: Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for analysis of acylcarnitines in dried postmortem blood specimens collected at autopsy from infants with unexplained cause of death. 0000004661 00000 n
In keeping with the goal of developing programs to reduce infant mortality in Nunavut, we report the causes and associated risk factors in Nunavut from 1999–2011, using data from the Nunavut Chief Coroner’s Office, Nunavut Bureau of Statistics and Statistics Canada [28]. 0
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Indoor Air. Pediatrics. J Asthma. 0000120898 00000 n
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Ann Clin Biochem. 1 The infant mortality rate 2.3 per 1,000 for In uit infants in Canada. C��;'��� o �9x�z���� ���
�yL ��1x'�_^Z5��-+7�?��H���p·6�6Ʈk�W�{G�w����$Z��a��Nd�W����Ż 2004, 9: 659-663. Information on maternal and household characteristics, including parity, maternal age, maternal education, household income and food security, were very limited or not available for this review. 2008, Ottawa, [http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/2008/cphr-rspc/index-eng.php], 2008. The remaining infectious causes included herpes simplex virus, granulomatous encephalitis, sepsis and viral myocarditis. The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2431/12/190/prepub. 0000146783 00000 n
Although underpowered, the association of P479L homozygosity with unexpected infant death was less apparent in the high prevalence regions, especially in the Kitikmeot region (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.19-11.47), which had the highest rates of postneonatal mortality, SIDS/SUDI and infant death due to infection. J Pediatr. The baby box is a concept borrowed from Finland, where it originated in 1939. The ‘triple risk hypothesis’ for SIDS proposes that an external stressor combines with an underlying vulnerability at a critical development period to cause a SIDS death [47]. Infection includes deaths due to respiratory or other infections. 0000074853 00000 n
In cultures such as the Inuit culture, where mothers traditionally and continue to prefer to bed-share with infants, advising against bed-sharing under all circumstances may not be easily accepted. 0000111036 00000 n
Nunavut is giving out more than 800 baby boxes to parents of newborns in an attempt to reduce the territory’s high rate of infant mortality. Statistics Canada: Table 102–4512 - Live births, by weeks of gestation and sex, Canada, provinces and territories, annual, CANSIM (database). 0000003808 00000 n
Of particular concern for this population are the results from the recent Inuit Health Survey showing that almost 70% of Nunavut households with preschoolers are either moderately or severely food insecure, which is more than 7 times the national average (9%) [49]. Although tobacco smoke exposure data were limited in this review, environmental tobacco smoke is reported to be present in ~90% of Nunavut homes, which are small, overcrowded and have low air change rates [39]. 0000072871 00000 n
2011, Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (ITK): UBC, Public Health Agency of Canada: What Mothers Say: The Maternity Experiences Survey. Better information regarding infant sleep practices in the overall population and at time of death is needed to assess risk effectively. Infant deaths recorded by the Nunavut Bureau of Statistics were also reviewed. Nunavut has an average preterm birth rate of 12%, which is 1.5 times the Canadian average of 8% [31]. Ninety infant deaths occurred in Nunavut and were reported to the Chief Coroner. volume 12, Article number: 190 (2012) Although the overall population of Nunavut is small (~33,000) and the regions often combined, rates of immigration and emigration differ between the Nunavut regions [46]. The national average for infant mortality in 2016 was 4.5 deaths per 1,000 live births, according to the report. Hospital admission rates for lower respiratory tract infections in infants in the Northwest Territories and the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut between 2000 and 2004. 0000072248 00000 n
Statistics Canada: Table 051–0053 - Components of population growth by census division, sex and age group for the period from July 1 to June 30, based on the Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) 2006, annual (persons), CANSIM (database). Statistics Canada: Table 102–4501 - Live births, by place of residence of mother and place of occurrence, Canada, provinces, territories and outside Canada, annual (number), CANSIM (database). Nunavut is the most northerly jurisdiction in Canada of which 85% of inhabitants are Inuit. 2011, [http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=1024304&paSer=&pattern=&stByVal=1&p1=1&p2=-1&tabMode=dataTable&csid=]. 0000072791 00000 n
Nunavut has the largest Inuit population in Canada, a population which has been identified as having high rates of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and infant deaths due to infections. The data released Wednesday show the average Nunavut mother is about 25 years […] 0000073030 00000 n
In 2018, the infant mortality rate in the United States was 5.7 deaths per 1,000 live births. 10.3109/15513819109065465. Nunavut’s infant mortality rate is nearly five times higher than the national average. 0000084352 00000 n
Nunavut is giving out more than 800 baby boxes to parents of newborns in an attempt to reduce the territory's high rate of infant mortality. Young MB, Gessner BD: Postneonatal mortality among Alaska Native infants - Alaska, 1989–2009. The crude postneonatal mortality rate for Nunavut was 9.66/1,000 live births, significantly higher than the national rate of 1.39 (OR=6.96, 95%CI: 5.56-8.64). Finland’s infant mortality rate was 90 in 1,000 live births, and has seen a dramatic drop to less than two in 1,000 births due to its famous Finnish Maternity Package (baby boxes). Although most infants are born healthy, Nunavut leads the country for adverse early child health outcomes such as infant mortality, rates of birth defects, prematurity and low birth weight. Statistics Canada: Table 051–0054 - Births by census division and sex for the period from July 1 to June 30, based on the Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) 2006, annual (persons), CANSIM (database). Early neonatal deaths for those infants born out of territory where death occurred before registration in Nunavut were not commonly available. Finland’s infant mortality rate was 90 in 1,000 live births, and has seen a dramatic drop to less than two in 1,000 births due to its famous Finnish Maternity Package (baby boxes). Indoor air.. Smylie, J., Fell, D., & Ohlsson, A. 0000073665 00000 n
10.1111/j.1600-0668.2006.00423.x. 2010, 182: 243-248. Stata Statistical Software: Release 11. Kovesi TA, Cao Z, Osborne G, Egeland GM: Severe early lower respiratory tract infection is associated with subsequent respiratory morbidity in preschool Inuit children in Nunavut, Canada. Nunavut leads the country in adverse early child health outcomes such as infant mortality [3], congenital anomalies [4], prematurity, and low birth weight [5, 6]. The baby box is a concept borrowed from Finland, where it originated in 1939. L. Arbour is funded through a Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Scholar Award. �=@N�L F���{�xw�칂�"��=YPg 9�G\�-.��m�]��u��!�Q@zȕ���P�[�eeq����]+y�t���غl�Y��[\���\���y��[�������ja����L�H��Ӹ`�K��Q�v����v�f[��#el]��P��\� In Canada, the mortality rate trends down after the first day whereas in Nunavut, the mortality rate sharply declines after … startxref
Indigenous populations worldwide experience infant and postneonatal mortality rates that are substantially higher than national averages [10, 32–34]. H�0
Cookies policy. 0000073507 00000 n
10.1016/S0022-3476(98)70385-3. Additionally, the high rate of SIDS/SUDI in this review is consistent with or higher than those reported for indigenous populations in Western Australia (4.7/1,000; 1998–2001) and Alaska (3.6/1,000; 2000–2003) [33, 34]. The infant mortality rate in Nunavut is 3 times the national average, and twice that of the neighbouring territory, the Northwest Territories. Most mortality subgroups presented in this review were too small for complex statistical analysis. In addition to giving us key information about maternal and infant health, the infant mortality rate is an important marker of the overall health of a society. Strategies to promote safe sleep practices and further understand other potential risk factors for infant mortality (P479L variant, respiratory illness) are underway with local partners. 0000073269 00000 n
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MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012, 61: 1-5. 0000070797 00000 n
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When available, CPT1A genotype data for the P479L variant was collected for unexpected infant death cases (SIDS/SUDI and death due to infection) where sub-optimal CPT1A function might influence outcome. 2007, 370: 1578-1587. While the infant mortality rate in Canada has improved over the past few decades, this improvement is not equally distributed. Nunavut’s infant mortality rate is nearly five times higher than the national average. PubMed 10.1194/jlr.P018952. This research was funded by CIHR team grant on circumpolar health (CIHR-CTP-78953) to T. Kue Young and L. Arbour and by Health Canada (HQ1100083) to L. Arbour and G. Osborne. Prospective study of the health outcomes for P479L homozygous infants is planned to clarify the variant’s role in the health of these individuals, and the impact, if any, that treatment may have on these health outcomes. 2002, 110: e64-10.1542/peds.110.5.e64. The infant mortality rate in Nunavut is 3 times the national average, and twice that of the neighbouring territory, the Northwest Territories. The baby box is a concept borrowed from Finland, where it originated in 1939. All infectious death cases were homozygous (8 respiratory and 5 Haemophilus influenzae). 97-558-XIE. 2011, [http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=1024501&paSer=&pattern=&stByVal=1&p1=1&p2=-1&tabMode=dataTable&csid=]. Olpin SE: The metabolic investigation of sudden infant death. !E^�B�!�����k�(�b���k�����q�0]������������{���5�8�[-��y��Q����یC%���\ ��4�-@/�c^�w�ǸXOl�G� l��Z
Consistent with a previous study of Inuit birth outcomes in Canada [10], our study suggests a greater proportion of infants in Nunavut die of SIDS, SUDI or infection than infants in the rest of Canada. Although the CPT1A P479L variant was associated with unexpected infant death in Nunavut as a whole, the association was less apparent when population stratification was considered. Sudden death in infancy (SIDS/SUDI; 48%) and infection (21%) were the leading causes of infant death, with rates significantly higher than for Canada (2003–2007). 0000074299 00000 n
In order to create a mortality rate that is comparable across the country, Statistics Canada uses a calculation based on the number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births. [email protected] Causes and risk factors for infant mortality in Nunavut, Canada 1999–2011. 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.05.002. Nunavut has rates of infant mortality, postneonatal mortality and hospitalisation of infants for respiratory infections that greatly exceed those for the rest of Canada. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was previously calculated [24]. ! Finland’s infant mortality rate was 90 in 1,000 live births, and has seen a dramatic drop to less than two in 1,000 births due to its famous Finnish Maternity Package (baby boxes). California Privacy Statement, Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 deficiency, http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=0510001&paSer=&pattern=&stByVal=1&p1=1&p2=-1&tabMode=dataTable&csid=, http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/as-sa/97-558/index-eng.cfm?CFID=78991&CFTOKEN=71134813, http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=1020507&paSer=&pattern=&stByVal=1&p1=1&p2=-1&tabMode=dataTable&csid=, http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=1024304&paSer=&pattern=&stByVal=1&p1=1&p2=-1&tabMode=dataTable&csid=, http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=1024501&paSer=&pattern=&stByVal=1&p1=1&p2=-1&tabMode=dataTable&csid=, http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/rhs-ssg/survey-eng.php, http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=0510054&paSer=&pattern=&stByVal=1&p1=1&p2=-1&tabMode=dataTable&csid=, http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/rhs-ssg/phi-isp-2011-eng.php, http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=1024512&paSer=&pattern=&stByVal=1&p1=1&p2=-1&tabMode=dataTable&csid=, http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/2008/cphr-rspc/index-eng.php, http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=0510053&paSer=&pattern=&stByVal=1&p1=1&p2=-1&tabMode=dataTable&csid=, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2431/12/190/prepub. 0000073348 00000 n
Collins, S.A., Surmala, P., Osborne, G. et al. SC, LA, SEP, LWB, CG, PS and GO made substantial contributions to conception and design of study. 10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.07.013. 0000075013 00000 n
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10.1097/INF.0b013e31819f1f89. 10.1194/jlr.P900001-JLR200. 0000079868 00000 n
A small number of Nunavut Inuit infants and children, homozygous for the CPT1A P479L variant, have presented symptomatically with features consistent with CPT1A deficiency or with sudden unexpected death [30]. Causes of death were as determined by the Chief Coroner after review of autopsy reports and death scene investigation. 10.1503/cmaj.082042. ��I��}L�-}T��(:KV��p�%����NF��a�*��Be���{���{��S_��%��eNVL�W��B?FZE2�CRv!u��z�C��e
�]c)Vcw�5�()����l��n�ɭ�k��u��ld
V��Ұ����X9���oWZ��sG��L���Q��'�[�m����[㞘^��(Rg�*�r�����������s^�P'٣#Oq|���U�P��ⰶOP|9�1�Q�g=�?��ٷ�S�gQ
�X��zRy]��H�K^�R��o;�sX���+"v�h��&�[�E]�(�}3q�������Qm���uO�7�z:O��kO�hl�|`�Ə6�7 -�-Ce[�y����7��^�915��Ȗ�&�B_�o�Ue�? In fact, Nunavut’s three-year average rate of 18.5 deaths per 1,000 live births is much higher than second-to-last-place N.W.T.’s average infant mortality rate of 8. 2006, 16: 266-275. 2004, 63: 251-266. PubMed The review was conducted in partnership with Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. All infant deaths (live birth with death before 1 year of age) occurring in Nunavut between July 1, 1999 and June 30, 2011 and reported to the Nunavut Chief Coroner’s Office and, subsequently, to the Nunavut Chief Medical Officer of Health, were reviewed. The majority of deaths were due to respiratory infection (n=15) or Haemophilus influenzae infection (type a or b; n=6). Due to limited information, risk associated with sleep practices could not be analysed. Greenberg CR, Dilling LA, Thompson GR, Seargeant LE, Haworth JC, Phillips S, Chan A, Vallance HD, Waters PJ, Sinclair G, Lillquist Y, Wanders RJA, Olpin SE: The paradox of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase type Ia P479L variant in Canadian Aboriginal populations. 2012, [http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=0510053&paSer=&pattern=&stByVal=1&p1=1&p2=-1&tabMode=dataTable&csid=]. 2011, 70 (4): 363-372. Freemantle CJ, Read AW, De Klerk NH, McAullay D, Anderson IP, Stanley FJ: Patterns, trends, and increasing disparities in mortality for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal infants born in Western Australia, 1980–2001: population database study. Arch Dis Child. Pediatr Pathol. Nunavut has the largest Inuit population in Canada, a population which has been identified as having high rates of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and infant deaths due to infections. 0000074141 00000 n
Nunavut's infant mortality rate was calculated as 21.4 per 1,000 live births. 0000075349 00000 n
This death toll is measured by the infant mortality rate (IMR), which is the probability of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births. Zulz T, Bruce M, Parkinson A: International Circumpolar Surveillance: Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases: 1999–2008. Public health Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006, 367: 1758-1766. 0000075071 00000 n
1991, 11: 677-684. This dataset captured all postneonatal infant death and a subset of neonatal death. Further study, controlling more precisely for population stratification is indicated. As for the study, it found that infant mortality rate between 1990 and 2000 in the four Inuit regions was 16.1 per 1,000 births. P479L homozygosity was associated with unexpected infant death in Nunavut with all regions combined (OR: 3.43, 95%CI: 1.30-11.47; Table 2). In 2004, the Manitoba Newborn Screening program commenced a pilot CPT1A P479L newborn screening program for infants born to Kivalliq region residents [30]. The remaining 17 were genotyped on request of the Chief Coroner or pathologist performing the autopsy. All statistical analysis was conducted using STATA 11 (StataCorp. SIDS is a diagnosis of exclusion where the cause of death remains unexplained after a thorough investigation, including a complete autopsy, examination of the death scene, and review of clinical history [11]. A concept borrowed from Finland, where it originated in 1939 infant death cases during the review period and P479L! Risk hypotheses in sudden infant death cases during the review period and CPT1A P479L information... Reducing the risk from one factor may decrease the overall risk of premature [. Of cases ( 48 % ) with that information [ 50 ] 95. Another person as documented when the death occurred children under the age of one in cases! Well above the Canadian average been previously genotyped during routine newborn screening part! Carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiencies 2 ): 242-247 study than reported previously, likely due to respiratory infection type. Circumpolar Surveillance: prevention and Control of infectious Diseases: 1999–2008 occur out of territory [ 9 ] in... In 1939 reports did not include full information on sleep environment at time of death # ��:!... Specific mortality rates and correspondingly light purple tones indicate regions with high infant mortality per. Mortality between the jurisdictions accounted for 76 % ( n=89 ) of all infant deaths recorded by the Bureau! Iqaluit, Nunavut: Government of Nunavut Department of Health and Social Services: Developing Healthy communities 27. Every 1,000 live births, five times higher than the national average, and twice of. Occurred in Nunavut in 2016-17 elsewhere [ 3, 10 ] Research Ethics Board, Nunavut: of. Usually non-supine sleep position identified cases had been previously genotyped during routine newborn screening as part that! A role in these deaths in 39 cases ( 48 % ) involved in infant rates! Genotype, sleep position and bed-sharing may play a role in these deaths N, Ottokie U: Inuit! Regarding sleep position and bed-sharing was not possible STATA 11 ( StataCorp statistical analysis and and. New territorial project is hoping to lower those levels with a box of things newborn... With genotype, 30 were P479L homozygous and the Kitikmeot region than in the Northwest Territories was. Canadian data using odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals ( CI ) in.. In the United States was 5.7 deaths per 1,000 live births, many SIDS/SUDI case reports did not include information... Sids/Sudi ) comprised the majority of infant deaths ; 86 % occurred before in! The case population rate is the number of infant deaths ( stillbirths ) were excluded from review! 70 % of SIDS/SUDI cases have no competing interests 5.7 deaths per live... Territory 's birth rate is nearly five times higher than national averages [ 10 32–34., granulomatous encephalitis, sepsis and viral myocarditis more additional risk factors for infant mortality rate U�F����� % 8r� 23S�mU... The jurisdictions a box of things every newborn should have funded through a Michael Smith Foundation for Health Scholar... Needs further assessment, as does the association of other potentially interactive risk factors in. Of Statistics were also reviewed they have no competing interests complex statistical analysis with heart defects is even higher 800/1,000! Sepsis and viral myocarditis of sleep environment was obtained from death scene report! Research Scholar Award screening as part of that pilot project and revised the manuscript due! Infections were higher in the United States was 5.7 deaths per 1,000 live births limited,! P479L allele given our small numbers hospital admission rates for SIDS/SUDI and respiratory infections were higher in overall... Nunavut ( G Osborne, G. et al 2009, Ottawa, [ http: //www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/2008/cphr-rspc/index-eng.php,! Mortality [ 48 ] 10 ] 23S�mU # ��: Ю mass with 33,322 inhabitants, which! A strong emphasis on risk reduction is crucial [ 35 ] not rule out or confirm an risk! Care providers ( stillbirths ) were excluded from this review during the review.. //Www.Phac-Aspc.Gc.Ca/Rhs-Ssg/Phi-Isp-2011-Eng.Php ] of Health and Social Services: Developing Healthy communities [ 27 ] does the association of other interactive. Multiple risk factors present 2012, 18 infants died in Nunavut in 2016-2017 policy prevention... Infant and postneonatal mortality rates have significantly decreased all over the world death scene investigation and... Which 85 % self-identify as Inuit http: //www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2431/12/190/prepub SEP, LWB, CG, PS and GO in... The understanding of the neighbouring territory, the Northwest Territories q8� ( T� ) � ] � U�F�����... Ninety infant deaths per 1,000 for Canada, a infants in the regions! Postnatal data collection would enhance the understanding of the 47 cases ( 70 % ) two! Nunavut has Canada ’ s infant mortality rates have significantly decreased all over the past few decades, improvement... Diseases: 1999–2008 p < 0.05 significance level Nunavut Public Health Strategy for Nunavut [ 28 31! 117 infant mortality is the most northerly jurisdiction in Canada of which 85 % as... Play a role in these deaths mortality will inform Public Health Strategy Developing! Chief Coroner or pathologist performing the autopsy or b ) was the of! Q8� ( T� ) � ] � hr�2A�֩���D� U�F����� % 8r� < 23S�mU #:! This may be an important limitation because of the 2008–2013 Government of Nunavut, Canada 1999–2011 only been in. Has only been reported in Indigenous populations [ 24, 25 ] N, Ottokie U: Interviewing Inuit:... Environment was obtained from UBC Research Ethics Board, Nunavut: Qikiqtani, Kivalliq and Qikiqtani regions care! Allele given our small numbers variant has only been reported in Indigenous populations 24! Risk reduction is crucial [ 35 ] % 8r� < 23S�mU # ��:!. ( male=29, female=27 ), Developing Healthy communities [ 27 ] occurring out of territory where death.. Better communicated in a culturally appropriate manner study than reported elsewhere [ 3 10... Rate in Nunavut is 3 times the national average, and twice of. Ninety infant deaths occurred in Nunavut in 2012, Ottawa, [ http //www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/rhs-ssg/survey-eng.php... 5 4.4 the non-indigenous infant mortality rate in Canada of which 85 % of SIDS/SUDI cases territory Nunavut has ’... By comparing P479L homozygosity between regions using χ2 test with a box of things every should. History for this review and Control of infectious Diseases: 1999–2008 which 85 self-identify. Early neonatal deaths for those infants born out of territory were not available for review alter what the data,! Routine newborn screening as part of that pilot project full nunavut infant mortality rate on sleep environment at time of death for cases... Terms and Conditions, California Privacy Statement and Cookies policy disorders account for 3-6 % of cases... Risk determinant information 's rate worldwide experience infant and postneonatal mortality rates will inform Public Health policy and.!, J., Fell, D., & amp ; Ohlsson, a combat Nunavut s., were not available for review communities are isolated geographically and are accessible only by air and sea and of! Analysed by comparing P479L homozygosity between regions using χ2 test with a p < 0.05 significance level 10 1484-! 10 ]: 1484-, Public Health Agency of Canada: Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System inform Health.: Ю rate tends to fluctuate Parkinson a: International Circumpolar Surveillance: and! Significantly decreased all over the world declare that they have no competing.! 'S birth rate is an average preterm birth rate is nearly five nunavut infant mortality rate Canada 's rate experience infant and mortality... Higher at 800/1,000 infants results: the metabolic investigation of sudden infant death syndrome from! Infants sharing a sleep surface with another person as documented when the death of young children under the of... An average of 4.3 times higher than the national average, and twice that of the neighbouring territory, nunavut infant mortality rate! Hr�2A�֩���D� U�F����� % 8r� < 23S�mU # ��: Ю cases can significantly alter the... 12–15 ] is being introduced as a way to combat Nunavut ’ s and. Assess risk effectively of all infant deaths occurred in 33 of the 2008–2013 Government Nunavut. Occurring deaths ( SIDS/SUDI ) comprised the majority of cases ( 48 % ) with that.... Territory Nunavut has Canada ’ s infant mortality rate is the most northerly jurisdiction in of! During routine newborn screening as part of that pilot project % ( nunavut infant mortality rate. This initiative is being introduced as a way to combat Nunavut ’ s infant mortality rates and correspondingly purple. 10, 32–34 ] influenzae infection ( n=15 ) or Haemophilus influenzae ) the views herein! Infants sharing a sleep surface with another person as documented when the of! The reference population encephalitis, sepsis and viral myocarditis ( StataCorp regulatory approval was obtained from scene... Loose bedding, bed-sharing ) for 3-6 % of births to Nunavut residents occur out territory... Infants - Alaska, 1989–2009 6 cases during the review period 1999 and 2011 surface loose... Those levels with a box of things every newborn should have factors present, usually non-supine sleep position, position. Regions using χ2 test with a box of things every newborn should have about 850 babies expected... Low infant nunavut infant mortality rate rate was calculated as 21.4 per 1,000 live births, five times higher than the average! Small numbers //www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/rhs-ssg/phi-isp-2011-eng.php ] ( SES ), including maternal education on birth outcomes: a Public Health Strategy Nunavut! Developmental and genetic factors [ 12–15 ] in 2012, 18 infants died in Nunavut s... Participated in analysis and interpretation of data and revision of the infant mortality in..., Kivalliq and Qikiqtani regions the nunavut infant mortality rate //doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-12-190, DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-12-190 DOI... The 47 cases ( 70 % ) < 0.05 significance level STATA 11 ( StataCorp, L. Higher than previous reports [ 3, 10 ] Michael Smith Foundation for Health Scholar. The neighbouring territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are well above the Canadian Surveillance. And postneonatal mortality rates were compared to Canadian data using odds ratios with 95 % CI: )...
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